Fortum

J. Fagerlund, R. Zevenhoven, J. Thomassen, Marius Tednes, F. Abdollahi, L. Thomas, C. Nielsen, T. Mikoviny, A. Wisthaler, Liang Zhu, Chet Biliyok, A. Zhurkin

Abstract Fortum Oslo Varme AS (FOV) decided (in July 2018) to build a 1:350 scale pilot plant to demonstrate that the selected Shell’s CANSOLV capture technology using solvent DC-103 is suitable for cleaning CO₂ from the exhaust gases of their waste to energy (WtE) plant at Klemetsrud in Oslo, Norway. This paper presents the most important measurement data and results from a pilot plant testing campaign from March to December 2019. The project stated requirements for the successful completion of the first pilot plant campaign were at least 2000 operational hours and total amine emissions lower than 0.4 ppmv on average over the last 500 h of testing. Emphasis is on the online emission measurement results both with and without an aerosol emissions mitigation system located downstream of the capture unit. The impact of perturbations in the plant operating conditions and inlet gas quality is discussed, in particular the particulates content. The pilot plant campaign achieved its primary purpose of demonstrating low amine emissions. It also produced important data on absorbent degradation in actual operation on WtE flue gas while confirming other performance parameters such as CO2 capture efficiency, steam consumption and CO2 product purity. Thus, it can be concluded that the all requirements according to objectives of the pilot campaign were successfully met.

Nina Tura, Tuomas Ahola

Abstract The increasingly efficient use of scarce resources is a central theme in the gradual transition towards a circular economy. Hazardous materials represent a category of resources that is often difficult—and potentially risky—to transport, store, or neutralize. As a result, hazardous materials are rarely included in closed material loops. The present paper analyzes HorsePower, a business concept centered around an innovative way of utilizing horse manure. Horse manure is generated in millions of tons in horse-rich countries such as the UK, Germany, and France. It is a hazardous resource, as it may spread diseases, and cannot be disposed of or landfilled economically. The content analysis of 21 semi-structured interviews carried out with different business actors participating in the HorsePower business network reveals that the success of HorsePower stems from its ability to combine the complementary capabilities and material needs of a relatively complex network of business actors including stables, sawmills, logistical service providers, and heat and power plants. Each actor receives added value; the benefits from participation are greater than the sacrifices of participation. Furthermore, the findings show that certain types of hazardous resources, when combined with resources produced by another actor, may be burned efficiently and safely in specific power plants, reducing the need for other types of fuel. The observations imply that novel approaches for effectively sharing ideas and resource needs across organizational boundaries are needed to facilitate the development of additional innovative CE business concepts, leveraging both actor-specific capabilities and intra-actor resource dependencies.

V. Mokhov, G. Chebotareva

The article discusses a mathematical model of the production activity of PJSC “Fortum”, which is the main supplier of electrical and thermal energy in the Southern Urals. The model is constructed on the basis of the modified production function of Cobb Douglas for 2010-2020. The author’s algorithm for constructing the model is given, according to which a computer program for modelling the operating activities of an enterprise was written and registered in the State Register of computer programs in the Java language. The adequacy of the constructed model was checked by the coefficient of determination, the value of which showed its high reliability. The analysis of the constructed mathematical model made it possible to draw the following conclusions: the strategic goal of reducing tariffs declared in the course of the restructuring of OJSC “RAO UES of Russia” was not fulfilled, on the contrary, their steady growth is observed; the efficiency of operating activities does not meet modern requirements – during the entire analyzed period, there is a diminishing economies of scale; the sustainable development strategy implemented by PJSC “Fortum” does not have a proper economic power supply unit due to a decrease in the return on resources involved in production; relatively high financial results of PJSC “Fortum” are associated with an unreasonable increase in tariffs; consumers of electric and thermal energy of the Urals and Western Siberia, in the conditions of the monopoly on the energy market, finance the richest country in the world – the Netherlands – through payments from Fortum Holding B.V., which directly and indirectly owns 98% of the shares of PJSC “Fortum”; with the existing management mechanism and state control by the antimonopoly service, PJSC “Fortum” has no incentives to replace the outdated cogeneration option based on hydrocarbon fuels with modern, progressive green technologies. The results of the study are recommended to the Federal Antimonopoly Service to strengthen control over the activities of PJSC “Fortum”, reduce tariff pressure on consumers of electric and thermal energy and unjustified enrichment of foreign subjects of the electric power industry at the expense of Russian consumers.

Marius Tednes, J. Thomassen, J. Fagerlund, R. Zevenhoven

This paper gives an overview of all the most significant results obtained during the CO2 capture pilot plants operation with Shell CANSOLV’s amine-based solvent DC-103. The pilot plant campaign at a full-scale waste to energy (WtE) plant in Oslo, Norway achieved its primary purpose of demonstrating low amine related emission levels during a test campaign of many months during 2019. This assures that the planned full-scale CO2 capture plant will meet the expected emissions specifications. It also allowed to gather important data on absorbent degradation in actual operation on WtE plant flue gas and confirm other performance parameters of the technology such as capture efficiency, energy requirements and product (CO2) purity.