Jonathan Paul

J. Thiery, J. Sleeman

R. Chenail

David T. Smith

In 2007, the National Resource Council released its report Status of Pollinators in North America. Specific status information of many groups, such as most native bee species, are lacking long-term data. The Council found sufficient evidence, however, that overall, pollinators in North America are experiencing population decline; and in particular, several North American bumble bees (Bombus sp.). Franklin’s bumble bee (Bombus franklini), currently being reviewed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, may be among the first bee species to receive protection under the Endangered Species Act. Numerous other bumble bee species have declined in abundance and range across North America. The foreword written for this book clearly emphasizes the value of collaborators, including citizen scientists, providing location information for scientists who are studying bumble bee populations and status in an effort to collect and document these needed long-term data. The book begins with an introduction that describes what bumble bees are, how many species exist, habitats in which they can be found, and other interesting life history information. This is followed by numerous pages showing important body part structures needed for species-level identification. The diagrams are very clear and easy to understand. Next, species descriptions grouped by major morphological characteristics (cheek length, distinctive mid leg characteristics, and the presence or absence of a corbiculum) are presented. Each bumble bee species receives 4 pages of information that includes emergence phenology for queens, workers and males; color photographs of live and pinned specimens; detailed range maps; and a brief written description of the species’ status, host plants, distribution, and other miscellaneous information. More detailed character descriptions are provided to help confirm species identification after running the specimen through the identification key. Schematic diagrams that show the amazing color diversity that exists even within a single bumble bee species are also included. I found the range maps to be extremely detailed and valuable. After the species descriptions is an identification key to female bumble bees. I took the time to run some bumble bee specimens through this key alongside the DiscoverLife key currently available on the Internet (also listed on back inside cover as a web resource) and obtained identical results. The key is straightforward and not difficult to use. I think field identification of collected bumble bees can definitely be accomplished with this guide and a good hand lens. I do recomBumble Bees of the Western United States

M. Wilson

A. Rona, D. Adebayo, J. P. Gostelow

The flow through the predominantly two-dimensional geometries of cascades of blades is intrinsically three-dimensional and unsteady. Direct Numerical Simulation, Large Eddy Simulations, and time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry resolve the full flow physics, relevant to aerodynamic loss and heat management. Such studies build upon earlier insight drawn from quasi two-dimensional investigations that identified the key areas where progress in understanding was most needed. These areas stretch across the full passage, from the leading edge of the blade to the passage outflow. Streamwise surface vorticity, transition, the calmed region, shock-boundary layer interaction, and vortex shedding are considered in detail, specifically (i) on what gaps in their physical understanding the works of Jonathan Paul Gostelow exposed and (ii) what gaps were present in the two-dimensional computational approaches used to represent these flows in these works. These useful insights are obtained from the geometrically simpler settings of circular cylinders in cross-flow and from flat plate experiments, as well as from cascades of blades. This paper presents an overview of the physical understanding of the flow features that underpins the more recent time-resolved three-dimensional investigations, led by the late Emeritus Professor Jonathan Paul Gostelow. This work celebrates some of Paul Gostelow's 50+ years of turbomachinery research achievements and develops awareness about their significance towards reaching a more complete knowledge of the flow physics in turbomachinery, using the more recent time-resolved three-dimensional modelling capability of Computational Fluid Dynamics software.