Solid-State Donut Battery

A. Manthiram, Xingwen Yu, Shaofei Wang

J. Janek, W. Zeier

Abniel Machín, Carmen Morant, F. Márquez

The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in solid-state batteries (SSBs), with a focus on recent advancements in solid electrolytes and anodes. The paper begins with a background on the evolution from liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries to advanced SSBs, highlighting their enhanced safety and energy density. It addresses the increasing demand for efficient, safe energy storage in applications like electric vehicles and portable electronics. A major part of the paper analyzes solid electrolytes, key to SSB technology. It classifies solid electrolytes as polymer-based, oxide-based, and sulfide-based, discussing their distinct properties and application suitability. The review also covers advancements in anode materials for SSBs, exploring materials like lithium metal, silicon, and intermetallic compounds, focusing on their capacity, durability, and compatibility with solid electrolytes. It addresses challenges in integrating these anode materials, like the interface stability and lithium dendrite growth. This review includes a discussion on the latest analytical techniques, experimental studies, and computational models to understand and improve the anode–solid electrolyte interface. These are crucial for tackling interfacial resistance and ensuring SSBs’ long-term stability and efficiency. Concluding, the paper suggests future research and development directions, highlighting SSBs’ potential in revolutionizing energy storage technologies. This review serves as a vital resource for academics, researchers, and industry professionals in advanced battery technology development. It offers a detailed overview of materials and technologies shaping SSBs’ future, providing insights into current challenges and potential solutions in this rapidly evolving field.

Sebastian Puls, Elina Nazmutdinova, Fariza Kalyk, H. M. Woolley, J. F. Thomsen, Zhu Cheng, Adrien Fauchier-Magnan, Ajay Gautam, Michael Gockeln, So-Yeon Ham, Md Toukir Hasan, Min-Gi Jeong, Daiki Hiraoka, Jong Seok Kim, Tobias Kutsch, Barthélémy Lelotte, Philip Minnmann, V. Miss, K. Motohashi, Douglas Lars Nelson, Frans G B Ooms, Francesco Piccolo, C. Plank, Maria Rosner, S. Sandoval, Eva Schlautmann, Robin Schuster, Dominic Spencer-Jolly, Yipeng Sun, B. Vishnugopi, Ruizhuo Zhang, Huang Zheng, P. Adelhelm, T. Brezesinski, Peter G. Bruce, M. Danzer, Mario El Kazzi, H. Gasteiger, K. Hatzell, A. Hayashi, F. Hippauf, J. Janek, Y. Jung, M. Mcdowell, Y. S. Meng, Partha P. Mukherjee, Sanyeuki Ohno, Bernhard Roling, A. Sakuda, J. Schwenzel, Xueliang Sun, C. Villevieille, M. Wagemaker, W. Zeier, N. Vargas‐Barbosa

The interlaboratory comparability and reproducibility of all-solid-state battery cell cycling performance are poorly understood due to the lack of standardized set-ups and assembly parameters. This study quantifies the extent of this variability by providing commercially sourced battery materials—LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 for the positive electrode, Li6PS5Cl as the solid electrolyte and indium for the negative electrode—to 21 research groups. Each group was asked to use their own cell assembly protocol but follow a specific electrochemical protocol. The results show large variability in assembly and electrochemical performance, including differences in processing pressures, pressing durations and In-to-Li ratios. Despite this, an initial open circuit voltage of 2.5 and 2.7 V vs Li+/Li is a good predictor of successful cycling for cells using these electroactive materials. We suggest a set of parameters for reporting all-solid-state battery cycling results and advocate for reporting data in triplicate. More transparent protocol reporting and comprehensive battery cell data are needed. Twenty-one research groups joined forces to assess solid-state battery performance and found considerable differences in assembly protocols that cause variable results.

Grayson Deysher, Jin An Sam Oh, Yu-ting Chen, Baharak Sayahpour, So-Yeon Ham, Diyi Cheng, P. Ridley, Ashley Cronk, Sharon Wan-Hsuan Lin, Kun Qian, Long Hoang Bao Nguyen, Jihyun Jang, Y. S. Meng

Anode-free batteries possess the optimal cell architecture due to their reduced weight, volume and cost. However, their implementation has been limited by unstable anode morphological changes and anode–liquid electrolyte interface reactions. Here we show that an electrochemically stable solid electrolyte and the application of stack pressure can solve these issues by enabling the deposition of dense sodium metal. Furthermore, an aluminium current collector is found to achieve intimate solid–solid contact with the solid electrolyte, which allows highly reversible sodium plating and stripping at both high areal capacities and current densities, previously unobtainable with conventional aluminium foil. A sodium anode-free all-solid-state battery full cell is demonstrated with stable cycling for several hundred cycles. This cell architecture serves as a future direction for other battery chemistries to enable low-cost, high-energy-density and fast-charging batteries. Anode-free batteries are cost effective but limited by unstable anode morphology and interface reactions. Here the authors discuss design parameters and construct an anode-free sodium solid-state battery using compressed aluminium particles as the anode current collector to improve cycling performance.