C言語の最新の標準規格。任意ビット幅の整数を定義できる「_BitInt」型や、新しいキーワード、ライブラリ機能の追加が含まれる。GCC 16.1では、これらの機能のアーキテクチャ対応が拡大された。
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis remains a leading cause of infant mortality. Cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) is an inflammatory mediator that induces TNF-α production in macrophages. C23 is a CIRP-derived peptide that blocks CIRP from binding its receptor. We therefore hypothesized that treatment with C23 reduces systemic inflammation and protects the lungs in neonatal sepsis. Methods: Sepsis was induced in C56BL/6 mouse pups (5–7 days) by intraperitoneal injection of adult cecal slurry (0.525 mg/g body weight, LD100). One hour later pups received retro-orbital injection of C23 (8 mg/kg) or vehicle (normal saline). Ten hours after sepsis induction, blood and tissues were collected for analysis. Results: C23 treatment resulted in a 58% and 69% reduction in serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β, respectively, and a 40% and 45% reduction of AST and LDH, as compared to vehicle-treated septic pups. In the lungs, C23 treatment reduced expression of cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β by 78% and 74%. In addition, the mRNA level of neutrophil chemoattractants KC and MIP-2 were reduced by 84% and 74%, respectively. These results corresponded to a reduction in histologic lung injury score. Vehicle-treated pups scored 0.49 ± 19, while C23 treatment reduced scores to 0.29 ± 0.12 (p<0.05; Max = 1). Apoptosis in the lungs, measured by TUNEL assay, was also decreased by 53% with C23 treatment (p<0.05). Conclusions: Inhibition of CIRP with C23 treatment is protective in septic neonatal mice as demonstrated by reduced inflammatory markers systemically and in the lung. Therefore, C23 has promising therapeutic potential in treatment of neonatal sepsis.
Abstract Theoretical investigations of a two-dimensional (2D) metastable carbon allotrope, termed as hP-C23-2D, were proposed by a first-principles study. It is composed of trigons, pentagons, and hexagons to form small hollow spheres and displays a porous sp2-sp3 network. To further analyze its energetic, dynamic, thermal and mechanical stability, the theoretical analysis of the total energy, the phonon dispersion, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and elastic constants are also preformed to confirm, respectively. The calculated in-plane stiffness is larger than graphene. Additionally, hP-C23-2D can withstand when the temperature is up to 1000 K, analyzed by AIMD simulations. Furthermore, hP-C23-2D is an indirect semiconductor and its band gap is 4.36 eV obtained by HSE06 functional. Thus, hP-C23-2D may possess potential porous absorption, mechanical and electronic applications.
Alkyne-Directed Chemo- and Enantioselectivity. Highly enantioselective catalytic reductive coupling of allyl acetate with acetylenic ketones occurs in a chemoselective manner in the presence of aliphatic or aromatic ketones. This method was used to construct C14-C23 of pladienolide D in half the steps previously required.
Reconstruction of paleo-depositional environments in a sedimentary basin is often obstructed by the absence of typical environmental indicators in sedimentary rocks. Here, we propose a biomarker method using C20-C21-C23 tricyclic terpanes (TTs) as a tracer, which is simple in analysis but robust to provide reliable and detailed environmental information. Based on the analysis of 271 C20-C21-C23TT data from 32 basins in 18 countries, we observed a relationship between C20-C21-C23TT abundance patterns and depositional environments. This relationship was attributed to the control of depositional environments on the input proportions of plankton and terrigenous plants, which act as two end-member precursors for the TTs in a depositional system. The various mixing proportions between these two end-members result in different C20-C21-C23TT abundance patterns associated with different depositional environments, e.g., C20>C21>C23TT in river-lake transitional, C20<C21<C23TT in marine or saline lacustrine environments, C20<C21>C23TT in freshwater lacustrine and C20>C21<C23TT in marine-continental transitional environments. In addition, the C23/C21TT ratio increases with elevated salinity of depositional water, and the C21/C20TT ratio increases with increasing water depths. Based on these observations, a discrimination diagram using C23/C21TT vs. C21/C20TT was developed for environmental identification. The validity of this C20-C21-C23TT biomarker method is well demonstrated by the rock samples with typical environmental indicators. This method is applicable in a broad spectrum of rocks and in maturities up to 2.4%Ro. Its strength was shown by a case study of a complex depositional system in the East China Sea Basin, which has been strongly affected by eustasy.
ABSTRACT A new isoflavone derivative compound 1 (psoralenone) was isolated from soybean inoculated with a marine fungus Aspergillus terreus C23-3, together with seven known compounds including isoflavones 2–6, butyrolactone I (7) and blumenol A (8). Their structures were elucidated by MS, NMR, and ECD. Psoralenone displayed moderate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model. Compound 2 (genistein) showed moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity whereas compounds 2, 5 (biochanin A), 6 (psoralenol), and 7 exhibited potent larvicidal activity against brine shrimp. Compounds 3 (daidzein), 4 (4ʹ-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyisoflavone), and 5–7 showed broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity, and compound 7 also showed moderate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Graphical Abstract An anti-inflammatory isoflavone from soybean fermented by a marine fungus Aspergillus terreus C23-3 An anti-inflammatory isoflavone from soybean fermented by a marine fungus Aspergillus terreus C23-3
