
CPO Mass Production May Not Arrive Until 2029—NPO Emerges as the "Interim Station" for Optical Interconnects
As CPO mass production slips to 2028 or later, NPO—which achieves DSP-free power efficiency with field-replaceable optical engines—is emerging as a practical choice to meet optical interconnect demand in the late 2020s, backed by product launches from Broadcom, Alibaba, and Tencent, and the standardization of the Open CPX MSA.








